Writing CD/DVD in Ubuntu

Hello friends, in this blog I will discuss how to write CD/DVD in Linux like operating system Ubuntu. In this blog we are studying how to make bootable CD/DVD, data CD/DVD, audio CD/DVD and video CD/DVD. By default Ubuntu provide tool to write CD/DVD that is “Brasero Disk Burner”. We can run this tool by using CLI(terminal) or from application software list or by searching in Dash home. There are various other tools available to write CD/DVD. If your system does not have Brasero Disk Burner then use first command shown in figure1.

Figure 1. Commands

To run the Brasero tool from terminal open CLI (by clicking ctrl+alt+t in ubuntu) and use second command in figure 1 or you can open it from dash home as shown in figure 2. When dash home is open, type “brasero” in text box then system displays application, then you can use it by clicking on it.

Figure 2. Dash Home

When you have opened Brasero tool it will look like as in figure 3. There are various option button are avalable for making audio, video, data, bootable CD/DVD.

Figure 3. Brasero Disk Burner

Now we will go to making boot-able CD/DVD. Follow following steps:

1. Click on button Burn image, it will display new window as shown in figure 4.
2. Now select image first by clicking on button “click here to select image”.
3. Then select CD/DVD and proceed.
4. Then it will display new window, click on Burn button it will start writing image on CD/DVD.

Figure 4. Burning Image

Now we will discuss how to copy CD/DVD using Brasero, Follow the below steps:

1. Click on Button Disk copy of Brasero shown in figure 3.
2. Now it will display new window. select CD/DVD to copy from first option (by default it will select CD/DVD) as shown in figure 4.
3. From second option if you want make image file of CD/DVD select image otherwise another option to image file.
4. At last click on copy button or if you want more copy of same CD/DVD then select option make several copy button.

Figure 5 Coping CD/DVD

 

Above steps can be applied to making audio, video CD/DVD. After completion of writing disk it will eject disk drive or if it is not possible to eject drive it will display message for the same.

Understanding basic shell commands of Linux

Understanding basic shell commands of Linux:-

Shell:-

The shell act's as the most powerful interaction between user and the kernel in system. The shell is a command line interpreter, it interprets the user typed commands in console of terminal.

There are various types of shells are available, which are as follows:

•       Bourne shell

•       C shell

•       Korn shell

•       Bash shell

Let's discuss some basic shell commands:-

pwd:

The shell command “pwd” prints the current working directory. That means if you are working in home it will display “/home”.

Ex:ravi@ravi:~$ pwd

/home/ravi

cd:

The shell command “cd” allows us to change the directory. We have to move to particular directory to access the contents in it or by specifying explicit  path of a file, so we can access any file.

Ex:

ravi@ravi:~$ cd Downloads

ravi@ravi:~/Downloads$

cat:

The shell command “cat” displays the contents of file in console.

Ex:

ravi@ravi:~$ cat workshop

Displays the contents of file workshop

rm:

The shell command “rm” allows us to remove the file from current directory.          

Ex:

ravi@ravi:~$ rm unixfile

After executing this command the file “unixfile” is removed or deleted.

rmdir:

The shell command “rmdir” allows us to remove the directory from current directory.

Ex:

ravi@ravi:~$ rmdir directory

After executing this command the directory named “directory” is removed from current directory.

touch:

The shell command “touch” allows us to create file in current directory.

Ex:

ravi@ravi:~$ touch newfile

After executing this command the file “newfile” is created in current directory.

mkdir:

The shell command “mkdir” allows us to create directory in current directory.

Ex:

ravi@ravi:~$ mkdir newdir

After executing this command the directory newdir.

nautilus:

The shell command “nautilus”  allows us to show the home window.

Ex:

ravi@ravi:~$ nautilus

ps:

The shell command “ps” allows us to show the current running process started by the user.

Ex:

ravi@ravi:~$ ps

PID TTY          TIME CMD

3795 pts/0    00:00:00 bash

4867 pts/0    00:00:00 ps

top:

The shell command “top” allows us to show the all the daemon process.

Ex:

ravi@ravi:~$ top

ls:

The shell command “ls” allows us to show the contents of current directory.

Ex:ravi@ravi:~$ ls

BIOS SAYS “NO”, THEN BOOT WITH USB

We always get a trusty bootable USB flash drive with us to solve computer problems, but what if a PC’s BIOS won’t let us boot from USB?  There is a way which will help you to make use of CD to boot from USB drive.

 Fig1: Boot menu

This boot menu, like many created before USB drives became cheap and common place does not include an option to boot from a USB drive. A piece of free-ware called PLoP Boot Manager solves this problem, offering an image that can burned to a CD or put on a floppy disk, and enables you to boot to a variety of devices, including USB drives.

Put PLoP on a CD

PLoP comes as a zip file, which includes a variety of files. To put PLoP on a CD, you will need either plpbt.iso or plpbtnoemul.iso from that zip file. Either disc image should work on most computers, though if in doubt plpbtnoemul.iso should work “everywhere,” according to the read-me included with PLoP Boot Manager.

Put PLoP on a Floppy Disk

If your computer is old enough to still have a floppy drive, then you will need to put the contents of the plpbt.img image file found in PLoP’s zip file on a floppy disk. To do this, we’ll use a free-ware utility called Raw-write for Windows.

Fig2: Ram-write

Booting PLoP Boot Manager

To boot PLoP, you will need to have your CD or floppy drive boot with higher precedence than your hard drive. In many cases, especially with floppy disks, this is done by default. If the CD or floppy drive is not set to boot first, then you will need to access your BIOS’s boot menu, or the setup menu. The exact steps to do this vary depending on your BIOS – to get a detailed description of the process, search for your motherboard’s manual. In general, however, as the computer boots up, some important keyboard strokes are noted somewhere prominent on the screen. In our case, they are at the bottom of the screen.

Fig3: VMware screen

Press Escape to bring up the Boot Menu. Previously, we burned a CD with PLoP Boot Manager on it, so we will select the CD-ROM Drive option and hit Enter.

 Fig4: Boot menu

If your BIOS do not have a Boot Menu, then you will need to access the Setup menu and change the boot order to give the floppy disk or CD-ROM Drive higher precedence than the hard drive. Usually this setting is found in the “Boot” or “Advanced” section of the Setup menu.

Fig5: Setup utility

If done correctly, PLoP Boot Manager will load up, giving a number of boot options.

 Fig6: Boot options

Highlight USB and press Enter.

                                                               Fig7: USB menu

PLoP begins loading from the USB drive.Despite our BIOS not having the option, we’re now booting using the USB drive, which in our case holds an Ubuntu Live CD!

 

Fig8: Installer

This is awesome way to get your PC to boot from a USB, provided your computer still has a floppy drive.