New Born Malware

My today's blog is about the newly born malware. Before getting to that newly born malware let me firstly tell you what is the malware.
Malware is malicious software, is any software used to disrupt computer operation, gather sensitive information, or gain access to private computer systems. It can appear in the form of executable code. 

How to record screen activity in windows 7 with free software tool

Hello all , this article is dedicated for making a screen capturing activity as well as snapping current window screen situations in windows 7.

Name of this software tool is "Free Screen Video Recorder". While pursuing this software tool settings are supposed to be done prier then recording a video.Default Quality is low i.e. Microsoft Video ,but best thing would be going for "Cinepak Codec by Radius". okay, let's take it from the top.

How to Set DPI for Steel Series Kana mouse

Let us first see

What is DPI ?

It's Long form is Dot Per Inch .So, as perception to mouse it is the DPI which drives your smoothness in movements in X and Y coordinates .Your DPI is distance Travelled between X and Y coordinates in your Screen Display.

What role DPI plays into Movement ?

Every mouse consist of DPI starting from at least 400dpi range till 6000dpi and more updates may come into the advance mouse .As higher your DPI is as smoother it will move around the surface.

Again there are two types of Mouse i.e.

1. Laser mouse2. Optical mouse 

Run Windows Software in Linux with PlayOnLinux

As we are very much familiar with the windows software, we always tend to use that software only, whether we are working on Linux or on any other OS. And this can be possible by using Wine any many other alternatives. PlayOnLinux is one of those alternatives with an interface where you can get list of options for applications and you have to just click and easily install it. So it reduces the tedious work. PlayOnLinux uses Wine for its back-end and it plays as a front-end.

You can install the PlayOnLinux from Ubuntu Software Center or you can install it through the terminal:-

       sudo apt-get install playonlinux

You can also install it from the PlayOnLinux website. You have to double click on Ubuntu and then click on the available package to install it. Also there are few commands for your Ubuntu versions, that you can run in your terminal to keep up-to-date with the latest version and this will add the PlayOnLinux software repository in your system.

After it is installed, you can launch the PlayOnLinux by searching it in the dash.

                                                         Fig:1

PlayOnLinux  will start a wizard first for the first time use.

                                                            Fig:2

After that you can see the window of PlayOnLinux with many tabs in it.

                                                         Fig:3

To install any applications you need to click on install and then you can see the Installation Menu Window where different categories are provided as you can see in the below fig. You can select the category and then the application under that and just click on Install button.

                                                        Fig:4

The application will install by starting a wizard.

                                                         Fig:5

That's it your application is downloaded and installed.

You can use the other tabs like configuration and shortcut also. In configuration tab, you can configure the packages that you have installed. And at shortcut tab, you can create a shortcut for the application in the desktop that you have installed.

Enjoy using PlayOnLinux

Use valgrind and find memory errors

The segmentation fault is the most frequently occurred runtime error in the C/C++ program compiled using gcc/g++. I have seen that students use TurboC++ compiler because it doesn't show the error like “segmentation fault”. Today's engineering students does not take any efforts to analyze why such kinds of problems occurs?

A program use memory space allocated to it which uses the stack and heap area. The memory is allocated here using runtime. For this we use the malloc function or new operator. Now, when the following situations occur, the program will show the “segmentation fault”.

- Memory is not released using delete/free.

- Using the array index which is not in the specified range.

- The uninitialized pointer is referenced in the program.

- Read only memory is attempted to be used for writing.

- Already freed pointer is dereferenced.

In order to find the reason of such different kinds of memory problem, we may use the valgrind which is a memory checker utility provided by the Linux system. It is used along with GDB. It is not possible for GDB  to find the memory errors in one stroke, so valgrind can be used. It is useful in many scenarios of C/C++ programming. Few of these are discussed in this blog post. Valgrind is used to notify the user with all the errors as given above. Generally, memory leakage problems can be easily detected by the valgrind. As the gcc is very robust compiler, the system tool is very much useful in the programming.

In order to download the valgrind latest version, use the following command on debian based Linux systems such as Ubuntu/Mint.

sudo apt-get install valgrind

or use following to install it on Redhat based Linux.

sudo yum install valgrind

As C/C++ don't have any automatic garbage collector, valgrind can be used to identify the garbages in the program. Lets write a simple program in C++.

#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()

{

     int *x;

     x = new int(10);

     return 0;

}

This program is creating an array of 10 numbers using pointers. So, the memory of 10 locations is allocated to variable x using new operator. Now, compile the program by enabling the debugger to it using following command.

g++ -g prog.cpp -o prog

It will create the executable file named prog. Now use valgrind to check for the memory problems.

valgrind --tool=memcheck --leak-check=yes ./prog

This uses the tool “memcheck” by enabling the checking of the memory leakage ability.

==3550== Memcheck, a memory error detector

==3550== Copyright (C) 2002-2011, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.

==3550== Using Valgrind-3.7.0 and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info

==3550== Command: ./prog

==3550==

==3550==

==3550== HEAP SUMMARY:

==3550== in use at exit: 4 bytes in 1 blocks

==3550== total heap usage: 1 allocs, 0 frees, 4 bytes allocated

==3550==

==3550== 4 bytes in 1 blocks are definitely lost in loss record 1 of 1

==3550== at 0x402B733: operator new(unsigned int) (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload _memcheck -x86-linux.so)

==3550== by 0x80485B0: main (prog.cpp:6)

==3550==

==3550== LEAK SUMMARY:

==3550== definitely lost: 4 bytes in 1 blocks

==3550== indirectly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks

==3550== possibly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks

==3550== still reachable: 0 bytes in 0 blocks

==3550== suppressed: 0 bytes in 0 blocks

==3550==

==3550== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v

==3550== ERROR SUMMARY: 1 errors from 1 contexts (suppressed: 0 from 0)

Here, 3550 is the process ID of your program. It has shown that the program has definitely lost 4 bytes in 1 block. This is shown because that the memory allocated is not freed. After adding 'delete x' statement at the end of the program, we will get this message using valgrind.

All heap blocks were freed -- no leaks are possible

Lets use the variable x[15] from the given array. It is not possible to use this variable from the array! I will write the following statement in the program.

x[15] = 34;

Now, valgrind shows the following statements:

==3608== Invalid write of size 4

==3608== at 0x80485C2: main (prog.cpp:7)

==3608== Address 0x4330064 is not stack'd, malloc'd or (recently) free'd

It means the line number 7 of prog.cpp has “invalid write of size 4 bytes”! We will easily identify that the memory is used in some wrong way in the program. Remember it is not a syntactical mistake!

Now when we use the uninitialized data in the program such as,

if (x[1]==1)

    x[1] = 0;

As the array is not initialized, the x[1] won't contain any value in it. When you compile the program and analyze it by valgrind, you will get the following output.

==3661== Invalid read of size 4

==3661== at 0x80485C2: main (prog.cpp:7)

==3661== Address 0x433002c is 0 bytes after a block of size 4 alloc'd

==3661== at 0x402B733: operator new(unsigned int) (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-x86-linux.so)

==3661== by 0x80485B0: main (prog.cpp:6)

This is the error for uninitialized data in the program. You will identify that the statement on line number 6 has some uninitialized data variable in it.

I think using valgrind improves the quality of software development. A software developer must use it in order to solve the memory leakage problems. It has many features, you may use 'man valgrind' to see all these features of it.

Enjoy good programming!

UberStudent-Operating System For students

Linux has offered a great platform for the college students who want to start up their carrier in Linux or use Linux as platform for the software development. UberStudent is open source software written by the students and for the students. This software is the Linux distros which acts as a learning platform for the beginners in the Linux. Uberstudent is fully free, Ubuntu based, user friendly operating system for learner, researchers and the developers. UberStudent uses the Firefox plug-in called as Zotero. Zotero works in similar fashion as wine software in Ubuntu works. It clubs the data and plugs it with the uberstudent’s version of the open office.. UberStudent is free, both the full and lightweight editions!  

  

            

UberStudent installation: (Needs to be booted from CD)

1.      Place your UberStudent DVD on your computer’s drive and reboot. Then your screen will look in this way   

                                                                                                                              

2.      When we hit enter in above screen then it will redirect us to the next screen which will look like this.

3.      Again hit enter here Or wait for 30seconds for automatic redirecting.

4.      Here is how you have got the icon of the install UberStudent on the desktop on the screen. Double click on the icon install dialog box will appear. It will ask for language selection like our normal program installations. Select the appropriate language and click next/forward button.

5.      You are done now…

The backbone of UberStudent is the Debian Linux distribution. This software provides the feature like:

·      Educational apps, Video editing, Gaming, image manipulation, Writing scripts of the ancient times, E-book reader, Google chrome, Time management apps, Supports all the application  of Ubuntu 10.04,Collection of various cloud apps, Thunderbird, Various study aids, Bleach bit, Messaging, Multimedia.

UberStudent is the best software for the learners. UberStudent operating system is the boon for IT sector.